Nicholas’s reign is divided into three periods by two European sets of revolutions: those of 1830 and those of 1848. A more advanced curriculum went into effect in 1809, with courses ranging from political economy, logic, moral philosophy, and natural law to strategy. Born in 1796, Nicholas was the third of Paul I's four sons. Theoretically, as the third son of the Emperor Paul, Nicholas did not have the slightest chance of ascending to the Russian throne and he therefore embarked on a … He was, however, no mystic. He wished to become a real “policeman” of Europe, and at Münchengrätz (Mnichovo Hradiště), in September 1833, he renewed relations with Metternich. Nicholas I of Russia Nicholas I (6 July 1796 – 2 March 1855) reigned as Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 1825 until 1855. Under Nicholas I the first railway between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo (Pushkin), 17 miles long, was opened to the public in 1837. Some progress was also made with river shipping. Nicholas I was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881) 3. She belonged, apparently, among those human beings who combine numerous conventional virtues with a certain rigidity and lack of warmth. Born:Gatchina, 25 June (6 July) 1796Died:St. Petersburg, 18 February (2 March) 1855Reigned:1825-1855. Nicholas strove to serve his country's best interests as he saw them, but his methods were dictatorial, paternalistic, and often inadequate. The future emperor’s first guardian and instructor was a Scottish nurse, Jane Lyon, who was appointed by Catherine II to care for the infant and who stayed with Nicholas constantly during the first seven years of his life. The path to power, marred by a bloody drama, was an arduous one for Nicholas I. He was a brother of Alexander I of Russia and of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia. He loved only military science, becoming a fine army engineer and expert in several other areas of military knowledge. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Foreign policy and the Russo-Japanese War, Revolution of 1905 and the First and Second Dumas, Aleksandr Khristoforovich, Count Benckendorff. Yet it is believed that he showed kindness and consideration to his younger children and that, in fact, he loved and cherished them tenderly. A real persecution of intellectuals began after the Revolutions of 1848. By the new statutes of 1835 he detached the primary education intended for the lower classes from the gymnasiums and universities, where only children of gentry and of officials were to be admitted. Omissions? Nicholas I was not intended to be tsar, nor was he educated to be one. For his reactionary policies, he has been called the emperor who froze Russia for 30 years. While he did attend the opening of Parliament and in general obtained some knowledge of English politics, his only recorded comments on that score were unfavourable. The solemn wedding followed some 20 months later, on July 13, 1817. Nicholas I (Николай I Павлович, r Nikolai I Pavlovich; 6 July [O.S. On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its historical zenith spanning over 20 million square kilometers (7.7 million square miles). 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. Nicholas I of Russia is the 1430th most popular Cancer. They were idealists and students of the philosophy of Schelling, Fichte, and Hegel. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It is through his Greek royal family that the Duke was a descendant from the formerly ruling Russian Royal family, the Romanovs. The future emperor found it much more congenial to examine military and naval centres. Nevertheless, the majority of public opinion, led by Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen, Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky, Mikhail Bakunin, Timofey Granovsky, and others, revolted against this Slavophile doctrine. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Nicholas was born in Gatchina to Emperor Paul I and Empress Maria Feodorovna. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "History of Russia in 100 Minutes" is a crash course for beginners. The growing grand duke studied French and German as well as Russian, world history, and general geography in French, together with the history and geography of Russia. Four or more generations of descendants of Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855) if they are properly linked: 1. The private circle of followers of Mikhail Petrashevsky, a young utopian socialist, was sent to forced labour in Siberia for having read and discussed prohibited literature. Most of them declared that Russia was unlike Europe and that its type of civilization was potentially far higher than the European. Less than a year after his return to Russia and a few months after his marriage, Nicholas was appointed inspector general of the army corps of engineers. He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855) 2. In England, Nicholas stayed mostly in London, although he travelled to a score of other places. “ The Famous Birthdays ” catalogs over 25,000 famous people, everyone, from actors to actresses to singers to tiktok stars , from serial killers to chefs to scientists to youtubers and more. In general, Nicholas I of Russia ranks as the 14400th most popular famous person of all time. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He reserved for himself the control over public opinion and confided to Aleksandr Khristoforovich, Count Benckendorff, the organization of a new secret police of gendarmes controlled by the “third section” of the personal and imperial chancery. Nicholas believed in his own oath and in respecting other peoples' rights as well as his own; witness Poland before 1831 and Hungary in 1849. English, Latin, and Greek were added to the language program. In 1825, when Alexander I died suddenly of typhus, Nicholas was caught between swearing allegiance to his second-eldest brother, Constantine Pavlovich, and accepting the throne for himself.The interregnum lasted until Constantine P… Nicholas was the son of Grand Duke Paul and Grand Duchess Maria. Corrections? Cold and reserved, he inspired fear and hatred, and he consciously made use of these feelings as the instrument of his power. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicholas-I-tsar-of-Russia, Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine - Biography of Nicholas I, GlobalSecurity.org - Biography of Nicholas I, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Nicholas. Alexander Nikolaevich, the eldest son of Nicholas I of Russia and of Charlotte of Prussia, was born on April 29, 1818, in Moscow, Russia. His successor, Prince Platon Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, wished to “base all teaching on religious truth.” The university chairs of philosophy were closed, and the number of students limited; many writers were arrested, exiled, or otherwise punished. Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, one of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia’s granddaughters, had married Philip’s grandfather the Greek King Georgios in 1867. But despite dreaming of order and stability at home, and military victories abroad, he is remembered as the most reactionary of Russia’s monarchs, a symbol of militancy and oppression. 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